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The coke works produces 120 mmscfd of coke oven gas in excess of the battery heating requirements. This surplus gas is used primarily in steel re-heating furnaces and for boiler fuel to produce steam for plant use. In conjunction with blast furnace gas, it is also used for power generation of up to 90 MW. However, matching …
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In blast furnace ironmaking, coke can be partially replaced by injected natural gas. Tuyere injection of cold natural gas is commonly practiced in North America. In this work, limits to the tuyere injection rate have been quantified with mass and energy balances. The fundamental origin of the limits is the endothermicity of methane injection.
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CH 4 is mainly utilized as a reducing gas for DRI production and is popular among countries with rich natural gas reserves. China relies on coke-making and BF processes because of its vast coal reserves. ... Exergoeconomic analysis of the power generation system using blast furnace and coke oven gas in a Brazilian steel mill. Appl …
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Intensifying hydrogen use in the blast furnace is a key technology for significant coke and CO2 emissions reductions. The most straightforward approach is the implementation of high hydrogenous gas injection rates in the BF tuyeres. Yet this solution has not been widely implemented due to a lack of understanding of the impact on the …
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Natural gas (CH 4 ), coke oven gas (COG) and H 2 are some typical gases that could be used for the H 2 -rich injection in blast furnace [12][13][14] [15] [16]. Since 1957, the Soviet Union has ...
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Coke gas is a by-product of industrial coke production from pit coal, coke gas is created by high-temperature dry distillation of coking coals in the absence of oxygen. The gas mainly consists of hydrogen (50-60%), …
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ArcelorMittal Asturias has completed the most advanced project in one Company, linked to that use of coke-oven gas, and has initiated the injection of grey hydro (hydrogen healed from misc gases, including natural electric and coke-oven gas) into Blast Furnace B.
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The lower heating value of blast furnace gas ranges from approximately 2.7 to 4.0 MJ/Nm3. The production of blast furnace gas is approximately 1200 to 2000 Nm3/t pig iron [5]. Much effort is devoted to increasing efficiency and reducing emissions of the blast furnaces [1]. Coking – Coking or coal pyrolysis is the way coke is
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The chemical contents of the coke gas, blast furnace gas, and natural gas are presented in Table 2. Table 2 The properties of coke gas, blast furnace gas, and natural gas. Full size table. Coke gas is flammable and highly calorific since it contains CO, H 2, and CH 4. Coke gas has an explosive effect at 600°C and is mixed with air …
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Carbon dioxide emissions. Sources of CO 2 emissions in the blast furnace comprise charged carbon in form of coke and minor amount in form of iron burden, and injected carbon, mostly, in form of PC. The usage of carbon in form of biomass, both charged, e.g. biocoke, and injected, e.g. charcoal, can be considered as CO 2 neutral …
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Coke plays an irreplaceable role in blast furnaces (BFs), acting as both the skeleton of the stock column and the permeable layer of the gas flow. Thus, examining the structural …
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Blast furnace gas (BFG) is a byproduct gas released when iron is converted with coke in a blast furnace. This BFG fuel—a combination of nitrogen, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and a small amount of hydrogen—has a low combustion value on its own, but it can be combined with coke oven gas or natural gas to sustain combustion.
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The injection of coke oven gas (COG) into the modern blast furnace is one of effective measures for steel industry to achieve low carbon ironmaking, energy saving and emission reduction. Coke is an essential input to the iron making process and is produced by heating coal in coke ovens. To make coke, coal is heated in the absence of …
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Natural gas (NG) can replace part of pulverized coal (PC) in the blast furnace (BF) injection as the clean and high-calorific hydrogen-rich energy, which can reduce environmental pollution and energy consumption in molten iron production. In this work, the method of numerical simulation is used to first compare and analyze the …
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The total quantity of CO + CO2 gases by volume in the BF gas at the furnace top ranges from around 37 % to 53 % of the total gas volume. The CO/CO2 ratio can vary in a blast furnace from 1.25:1 to …
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Blast furnace gas (BF gas) is a byproduct gas produced during the production of hot metal (liquid iron) in a blast furnace, where iron ore is reduced with coke to produce hot metal. The blast furnace gas which comes out from the top of the blast furnace is at a high pressure (usually 1.5 atm to 2.5 atm in modern blast furnaces) and …
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This scenario maintained furnace raceway flame temperatures and top gas temperatures at levels similar to those observed in baseline (stable) operation, while reducing coke rate by 6.3%.
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Finnish research suggests that although the replacement rate of biomass coke in the blast furnace can only reach about 25%, it may still be economically feasible considering future coke prices and pollutant emissions. ... Natural gas cost: 3.32 $/GJ: Coke cost: 200 $/ton: Industrial coal cost: 100 $/ton: H2-SMR no CCS: 1.275 (1.05-1.5) …
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A multizone mathematical model developed at Nekrasov Institute of Ferrous Metallurgy reveals the internal relations between the processes in a blast furnace. Using this model, the smelting processes and parameters in two different blast furnaces are investigated with wide variation in the flow rates of natural gas and coke-oven gas and …
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Blast Furnace Natural Gas Injection. Lower natural gas prices lead to increased injection of natural gas in blast furnaces, In 2013, all but 1 of 29 of NAFTA blast furnaces are …
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Effect of co-injecting fluxes, pulverized coal, and natural gas on blast furnace smelting3.4.1. Calculation principles. The calculations are predicated on the assumption that the mixed ore consists of sintered ore, pellet ore, and lump ore. The fuel composition includes coke, pulverized coal, and natural gas, which is comprised …
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Blast Furnace Natural Gas Injection. Lower natural gas prices lead to increased injection of natural gas in blast furnaces, In 2013, all but 1 of 29 of NAFTA blast furnaces are injecting gas while 45 % are co injecting with gas and PCI, while one coal injection system (to serve 2 BF's) remains idle. Natural gas is cheaper than coal at many ...
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Coke has been the major reductant used in a blast furnace since 1750. The recent boom in the US energy outputs due to shale rock formations has motivated the need to look at natural gas as a partial replacement for coke in a blast furnace. During the course of this project, the impact of higher natural gas utilization has been studied in detail.
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A static model of blast furnace operation of natural gas (NG) injection was developed. The effect of NG injection on the raceway adiabatic flame temperature, the amount and composition of bosh gas, the direct reduction degree and fuel ratio were studied. The results showed that under no thermal compensation, the heat loss of the …
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First, it provides the theoretical analysis of requirements that ensure minimum coke and carbon rates, and minimum CO 2 emissions. Then it focuses on the injection of …
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The blast furnace gas, a low-calorific value fuel, is worthy of recycling. However, the sulfuric contents in blast furnace gases would cause pipeline corrosion and air pollution that are adverse to reutilization of blast furnace gases. Therefore, desulfurization technologies of blast furnace gas are necessary, which have been …
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A novel blast furnace operation of coke oven gas (COG) injection simultaneously with hot burden charging has been proposed to solve the problem of insufficient heat in the BF shaft zone under the ...
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Coke plays an irreplaceable role in blast furnaces (BFs), acting as both the skeleton of the stock column and the permeable layer of the gas flow. Thus, examining the structural characteristics of coke and evolutionary behavior of its properties within the BF is crucial.
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Use of renewable carbonaceous materials and ferro-coke in the blast furnace. ... COG, natural gas (NG), RCOG, and waste plastics are abundant H 2-rich materials that can have a significant impact on BF performance, PCI and coke rate, and coke gasification reactions [121], [123], [128]. The COG is produced in the coke-making …
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Injecting pulverized coal and natural gas into blast furnaces for ironmaking decreases metallurgical coke requirements, providing a net decrease in the CO 2 emissions and in many cases, operating costs associated with iron production. Ideally, the fuel would enter the raceway partially reacted and the injection would not have negative impacts on the …
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