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open access. Abstract. Bed permeability is a crucial factor in blast furnace efficiency and stability. The Discrete Element Method (DEM) has been used extensively …
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Herein, the reducibility of the iron ore pellet, sinter, and lump ore in the BF shaft are focused on. The experiments are conducted isothermally with a blast furnace simulator (BFS) high-temperature furnace at four different temperatures (700, 800, 900, and 1000 C) for 300 min. The experimental atmosphere consists of CO, CO2, H2, H2O, …
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1. INTRODUCTION. It is desirable to. cost and greenhouse gas emissions. Ironmaking. proportion of sinter, pellet and lump in blast fu rnaces around the globe [1-5]. The average lump. proportion in ...
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The model of an actual 4070 m ³ bell-less top blast furnace with two parallel hoppers was established, and the distribution of the sinter, pellet, and lump ore in the hopper and the stock surface ...
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Metallurgical performances of Ni–Cr sinter in the pellet-sintering process can perfectly meet the needs of blast furnace production. (3) In the pellet-sintering process with 15% chromite, much denser sinter microstructure is formed with the substantial reduction of sinter porosity and the obvious increase of SFCA amount lower …
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The best matching material of high alkalinity sinter in suitable furnace charge structure; How iron ore pellet is made – the pellets manufacturing process. Iron ore pellets are a man-made iron-riched ore. The pellet production method was invented in Sweden in 1912, and then began to be used in the United States in 1946 by shaft furnace.
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sinter in blast furnaces is increasing day by day to. ... increase the performance of pellet in blast furnace, it. ... the pellet was able to charge the pellets into the blast furnace. The highest ...
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Lump ore and agglomerates (namely pellets and sinter) are the feed materials for the blast furnace to produce pig iron, which is further refined with oxygen in the converter to produce liquid steel. Common iron ore contains Fe 2 O 3, Fe 3 O 4, and FeO, which have to be reduced with the help of reductants.
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Results of the analysis of physical-chemical properties of sinter and pellets are presented. It shows that at BF transition to operation with high proportion of acidacid pellets in furnace charge, it is necessary to change the basic parameters of the slag mode as well as furnaces loading practice.
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Alkalis, blast furnace, Blast temperature, Central working, cohesive zone, Dissection studies, gas flow, high top pressure, Pellet, sinter, Understanding Ironmaking in Blast Furnace and Dissection studies in Japan. The blast furnace (BF) ironmaking is the most viable means of producing hot metal (HM) mainly due to its well established …
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The sinter of high basicity would interact with lump ores or acid pellets in the cohesive zone of blast furnace due to the difference of chemical composition and micro …
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Figure 1. Proportions of sinter, pellet and lump used in blast furnaces around the globe [1-5]. * Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected], telephone: +61 2 4033 9216 ...
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The sinter sample resisted up to 1329°C and achieved a reduction degree of 90.2% until a gas-impermeable structure was formed in a packed bed, whereas the acid pellet lost its permeability at ...
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WEBVale SA. Rogério Carneiro. Jose Murilo Mourao. Independent Researcher. Abstract and Figures. Pellets are unquestionably the most engineered Blast Furnace …
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(Received on July 24, 2013; accepted on October 8, 2013) Microfines of iron ore are generally utilized in Blast furnace in form of indurated pellets because sinter bed has limitation of accepting fines. Charging of acid pellets with basic sinter is the normal practice in blast furnace.
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These pellets are suitable for blast furnace and direct reduction processes. Pelletizing differs from sintering in that a green unbaked pellet or ball is formed and then hardened by heating. ... Consequently, despite the unquestioned benefits of sinter on blast furnace (BF) performance, intense interest in the pelletizing process had developed ...
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From the blast-furnace test, carried out with a burden consisting of 45% of pellets and 45% of sinter with basicity ratio about 2.2, and at constant driving rate, it follows that there is no significant relationship between the disintegration value of the pellets and the blast-furnace permeability. Laboratory Investigations
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Conventionally, sinter is used as the main burden in blast furnace due to its better metallurgical properties, more suitable resources, and lower production cost [3], especially in Chinese BF. Also, high proportion of pellets can be operated stably and efficiently, even if the proportion of pellets is up to [ [4], [5], [6] ].
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The static and rolling friction coefficients of pellet and sinter used in the model are calibrated by the experiment of repose angle, and sinter is described by three types of non-spherical particles. ... Burden structure of the blast furnace consisted of 75% sinter +20% pellet +5% lump. Lump in the simulation was ignored due to its small ratio ...
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Effect of nut coke addition with ferrous burden (pellet and sinter mixture) is experimentally investigated under simulated blast furnace conditions. Nut coke mixing degree was varied (0, 20 and 40 ...
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As a promising method to strengthen the blast furnace smelting and to realize reduced fuel operation, high-proportion pellet charging has become the practice …
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Since their study involved a mixture of pellet, sinter and lump ore, they also investigated the effect of chute shape on size segregation in the furnace throat at different chute angles. The authors found that semicircular chutes produce a more uniform radial size distribution at low and middle chute angles while the same is true for ...
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Sinter is the primary feed material for making iron and steel in a blast furnace. According to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the sintering process converts fine-sized raw materials, including iron ore, coke breeze, limestone, mill scale, and flue dust, into an agglomerated product, sinter, of suitable size for charging into the ...
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In the blast furnace, a mixture of two or three types (iron ore, pellets and sinter) of ferrous materials is generally used for the metal …
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The blast furnace (BF) is a counter-current gas–solid. chemical reactor in which iron-bearing materials, namely. iron ore, sinter and pellet and fuel mainly coke, are charged. from the top of ...
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Microfines of iron ore are generally utilized in Blast furnace in form of indurated pellets because sinter bed has limitation of accepting fines. Charging of acid pellets with basic sinter is the normal practice in blast furnace. ... In order to alleviate the above problem, a composite mass of acid pellet and basic sinter has been developed ...
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The sinter plant that converts the iron ore fines into a desirable blast furnace feed, offers an avenue for recycling wastes. One of the several wastes that are produced at an iron and steel plant is the undersized pellet fines, which cannot be directly used in iron making. The present study evaluated the influence of these pellet fines on …
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Iron ore lump, sinter, and pellets comprise the main burden of modern blast furnaces. However, sinter and pellets are now the dominant blast furnace burden, …
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content compared to iron ore or sinter, making them suitable for blast furnace feed. In the blast furnace, a combination of different iron-bearing materials (IBM) is charged since no single IBM can meet the required slag chemistry.3,4 By dissect-ing a chilled furnace,5,6 it has been observed that the furnace consists of a granular zone (stack), a
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The influence of pellet and sinter shapes on the inner angle and outer angle of repose of the ore is considered by introducing a correction coefficient. The modified fitting relation is applied to the mathematical model for bell-less blast furnace to analyze the influence of the proportion of pellet on the surface shape and radial distribution ...
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