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1.2 Copper-nickel sulfide ore grinding stage. Adopt a two-stage closed-circuit grinding process. ① Use a grid-type ball mill for rough grinding. And the grinding particle size range is 0.2~0.3mm. ② Use an …
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The process of ammonium sulfate roasting-water leaching can be used in laterite metallurgy, and the results show that the proportion of Ni, Co, Mn and iron leached from raw ore were 90.8%, 85.4%, 86.7% and 9.98% respectively at ammonium sulfate dosage of 6 g, roasting temperature of 400 °C, roasting time of 1.5 h, leaching …
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Section snippets Exergy analysis. The exergy calculations are done using equations based on both the first and second law of thermodynamics. Considering nickel laterite processing as an open system, assuming steady state flow and starting off with an energy balance (Smith et al., 2005): ∆ H + 1 2 u 2 + zg m ̇ = Q ̇ + W s ̇ Neglecting the …
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The processing of nickel laterites falls into two broad categories pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical. The pyrometallurgical route (smelting) is the oldest and most widely used process and ...
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Abstract. It is the aim of this paper to review previously reported studies and their relevance to the application of various techniques to physical methods of …
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Abstract. This paper presents a life cycle assessment (LCA) study of three nickel laterite processing technologies. The main goal was to quantify selected environmental impact categories and to compare and analyse each impact category for three different nickel feedstock for stainless steel production. The nickel laterite processing routes were ...
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Industrially, the pyrometallurgical treatment of laterites is mostly accomplished with a well-established method, namely, the rotary kiln–electric arc furnace (RKEF) …
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Nickel is widely used in industrial processes and plays a crucial role in many applications. However, most of the nickel resource mainly exists as nickel oxide in laterite nickel ore with complex composition, resulting in difficulty in upgrading the nickel content using physical separation methods. In this study, high-grade ferronickel concentrates …
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There are two methods of processing nickel laterite, namely hydrometallurgy and pyrometallurgy. The former is a method that uses leaching by a chemical. solution or solid such as acid, as a ...
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Article 11 February 2022. Hydrometallurgical Nickel Laterite Processing: A Review of Current SX Flowsheets and Industry Trends. Chapter © 2016. Efficient …
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Nickel and Cobalt Production. Michael S. Moats, William G. Davenport, in Treatise on Process Metallurgy: Industrial Processes, 2014 2.2.3.1 Laterite Ore Upgrading. Laterite ores are upgraded before smelting or leaching. The upgrading entails gently crushing and/or grinding the ore and then separating the resulting small, soft, low-density Ni-rich laterized …
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Ferronickel production. Processing of laterite ores traditionally consists of a two stage process using fossil fuels (eg., coal, oil, natural gas) in the kiln operation followed by electric furnace smelting of the calcine to produce a ferronickel product and discard slag, Lagendijk and Jones (1997).
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In this study, segregation roasting and magnetic separation are used to extract nickel from a garnierite laterite ore. The garnierite laterite ore containing 0.72% Ni, 0.029% Co, 8.65% Fe, 29.66% MgO, and 37.86% SiO2 was collected in the Mojiang area of China. Garnierite was the Ni-bearing mineral; the other main minerals were potash …
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The industry's choice of equipment for carrying out laterite drying is the rotary dryer. While little information is available on the preference, it is likely due to the reasons for which …
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The mining, mineral processing and metal production sector, like other industrial sectors, is coming under increased pressure to reduce the amounts of energy it consumes and greenhouse gases it emits. ... There is a wide variety of equipment used for separation processes, the largest energy-consuming separation method amongst these …
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Abstract The mineralogical characterization and occurrence of target elements in limonitic laterite from Africa was comprehensively studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy energy spectrum (SEM–EDS), and optical microscope (OM) measurements. The results suggest that laterite ore has a complex internal …
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To participate in the 911Metallurgist Forums, be sure to JOIN & LOGIN; Use Add New Topic to ask a New Question/Discussion about Mineral Processing or Laboratory Work.; OR Select a Topic that Interests you.; Use Add Reply = to Reply/Participate in a Topic/Discussion (most frequent). Using Add Reply allows you to Attach Images or PDF …
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Greenhouse gas emissions. The energy and greenhouse gas footprints of the various nickel laterite processing routes in Table 1 and Fig. 2, Fig. 3 range from 167 to 565 GJ/t Ni and 22.4 to 44.8 t CO 2 e/t Ni (without acid plant) and 14.6 to 44.8 t CO 2 e/t Ni (with acid plant) respectively. These results compare with values of 114 GJ/t Ni and 11 ...
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The extraction of nickel process generally consists of crushing, sieving, washing, re-selection, grinding, and slurry concentration, or the nickel leaching method. The target element nickel distribution varies with the nature of the ore, mostly contained in fine-grained grades. For example, the nickel minerals of the Ramu laterite mine in Papua ...
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The Need for Nickel Laterite Dryers. While drying is a common first step in many mineral processing operations, it is essential when it comes to laterites, which are typically surface mined in the tropics and can contain up to 30% moisture. ¹. This high moisture content gives laterites a wet and sticky quality, which makes further processing ...
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Laterites are easily mined by open pit methods whereas sulphidic ores generally involve more expensive underground mining. Cobalt, zinc, and copper are …
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ABSTRACT. The global movement toward the pillars of a circular economy has restructured the entire chain of the primary production sector. Together, increases in the consumption of critical metals and in the price of high-grade mineral raw materials have encouraged the adoption of separation and treatment technologies that are adaptable to …
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The nickel laterite processing routes were (1) high pressure acid leaching (HPAL), (2) ferronickel, and (3) the newly developed Direct Nickel (DNi Process) that involves atmospheric leaching of nickel laterite using nitric acid. ... Energy and greenhouse gas impacts of mining and mineral processing operations. J. Clean. Prod., 18 (2010), …
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Lateritic deposits are a type of weathering product that forms in tropical and subtropical regions through the process of laterization. Laterization involves the leaching of silica and other soluble materials from rocks, leaving behind a residual concentration of iron and aluminum oxides. The resulting deposits, known as laterites, are characterized by …
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Attempts to beneficiate nickel laterite ores, especially low-grade limonitic ores (Ni < 1%), have largely failed due to the dispersion of nickel values between a variety of host minerals ...
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Laterite nickel mineral is a clay ore formed by long-term weathering, leaching and deposition of nickel oxide deposits, containing iron, aluminum, silicon and other aqueous oxides. It is divided into limonite layer, transition layer and humus layer according to the distribution of different layers. The smelting process of laterite nickel in …
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The treatment of laterites has been a research hotspot in extractive metallurgy over the past decades. Industrially, the pyrometallurgical treatment of laterites is mostly accomplished with a well-established method, namely, the rotary kiln–electric arc furnace (RKEF) process, which includes three main operations—calcination, prereduction, and …
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The combination of performing overall process simulations, thermodynamic simulation of sub-processes and performing an exergy analysis is a new way to integrate these three approaches and knowledge that will benefit especially those working in …
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were analyzed for this case study. The 40 samples are from both laterite and saprolite horizons of the nickel laterite profile, Figure 3. To guarantee a reproducible and constant sample preparation for the XRD measurements, the samples were prepared as pressed pellets using automated sample preparation equipment. All powder samples were milled
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laterite, soil layer that is rich in iron oxide and derived from a wide variety of rocks weathering under strongly oxidizing and leaching conditions. It forms in tropical and subtropical regions where the climate is humid. Lateritic soils may contain clay minerals; but they tend to be silica-poor, for silica is leached out by waters passing ...
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